Climate Justice is generally used as a term for viewing climate change as an ethical issue and considering how its causes and effects relate to concepts of justice, particularly social justice and environmental justice. This can mean examining issues such as equality, human rights, collective rights and historical responsibility in relation to climate change.
Earth Science is a term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only known life-bearing planet. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. The formal discipline of Earth sciences may include the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, oceans and biosphere, as well as the solid earth. Typically, Earth scientists will use tools from physics, chemistry, biology, chronology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works, and how it evolved to its current state.
Climate justice is just another code word for Communism. The 'poor' nations are always searching for ways to pick your pockets.
As far as 'earth science', that is just another phrase concocted by the greenies. Most of the science we know pertains to the Earth. But these 'intellectual elites' know very little about science, so they dream up a new term and now they think that only they have the keys to Earth's mysteries. "Ho! Ho! Ho! We know about Earth Science and you don't. Ha! Ha! Ha! It is only we who understand Earth Science and you don't!"
It is just another example of intellectual snobbery.
Climate justice in the minds of AGW cultists means a totalitarian statist world government redistributing wealth until no person feels justified in creating any wealth to redistribute.
Climate Justice is another way to use "global warming" as a method to redistribute wealth.
Your question sounds... a little vague. If you're going to lazyweb your homework (which is what I strongly suspect you're doing), you really need to make it clearer what you don't know and/or what you want help with.
also " why do the poorer nations feel emboldened to ask for help now on this issue" about
